HOW TO MINIMIZE HEALTH IMPACT OF HAZE

"The best way to predict the future is to create it"
Peter F. Drucker

People with heart or respiratory diseases, as well as young children and elderly, should avoid going outdoors whilst the haze lasts. Even if you don’t have a pre-existing health condition, you should reduce your outdoor physical activity when the air quality is hazy and unhealthy.

When Is The Haze Considered Unhealthy?

The National Environment Agency (NEA) measures air pollution levels through a system called the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI). A PSI value in the range of 0 to 50 is considered 'Good' while a PSI value in the range of 101 to 200 is considered 'Unhealthy'. Anything above 300 is considered 'Hazardous'.

When the air quality reaches 'Unhealthy' levels, it is more likely to trigger mild aggravation of respiratory illness symptoms among those suffering from chronic lung or heart ailments. For others, it may affect you by triggering coughs, eye irritation and sneezing. The NEA has summarised the air quality categories as based on PSI and how they affect your general health.

24-Hour PSI	Air Quality Category	General Health Effects
Up to 50	Good	None for the general population
51 to 100	Moderate	Few or none for the general population.
101 to 200	Unhealthy	Mild aggravation of symptoms among susceptible persons i.e. those with underlying conditions such as chronic heart or lung ailments; transient symptoms of irritation e.g. eye irritation, sneezing or coughing in some of the healthy population.
201 to 300	Very unhealthy	Moderate aggravation of symptoms and decreased tolerance in persons with heart or lung disease; more widespread symptoms of transient irritation in the healthy population.
Above 300	Hazardous	Early onset of certain diseases in addition to significant aggravation of symptoms in susceptible persons; and decreased exercise tolerance in healthy persons PSI levels above 400 may be life-threatening to ill and elderly persons. Healthy people may experience adverse symptoms that affect normal activity.

A smoke haze is an annual occurrence and typically occurs in the May to October period. It is caused by winds bringing in tiny particles of ash from the raging forest fires in neighbouring Sumatra, Indonesia.

These particles are called PM10 (10 refers to the size in microns of the particulate matters). Breathing in an excess of these particles can increase a person’s risk of developing viral and bacterial infections, as well as heart and lung diseases, cancer and stroke. While the bigger air particles are filtered out by the respiratory tract, tiny particles are typically deposited in the lungs. These tiny particles can accumulate over time and harm the body.

“Existing health conditions such as eczema, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and eye diseases like conjunctivitis are made worse by air pollution,” says Associate Professor Loo Chian Min, Head and Senior Consultant, Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine,Singapore General Hospital (SGH). “Even healthy people can suffer from irritation in the eyes, nose and throat, coughing and sneezing, if they spend time outdoors during a smoke haze.”

Ways to protect yourself from the haze

Take the following steps to protect yourself from the haze:

# Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when you go out – make sure you get a 
   mask that can catch tiny particles below 0.3 microns.

# Keep the doors and windows of your home closed.

# Roll up the windows of your car if you are driving.

# Use an air-conditioner in your home to help remove pollutants.

# Use an air ionizer or air purifier to catch very small particles.

# Drink more water than usual – this helps the kidneys flush out any toxins absorbed through the skin and lungs.

       

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      # Cut down on coffee and alcohol –
        these promote fluid loss and leach nutrients from the body.

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